Advanced Research Priorities in Transportation
运输不是传统上被视为一个再保险search- and development-led field, with少于美国运输部（DOT）年度预算的0.7％致力于研发活动。DOT的大多数研发资金都由模式运营人员付出了，要求执行独特的资金优先级，而不是集体的，综合的愿景，即在50个州和地方转变国家的基础架构。
从历史上看，这些研发基金中的一小部分已经支持并制定了有希望的，横切计划，例如联邦高速公路管理局的探索性高级研究计划deploying artificial intelligence to better understand driver behavior和applying novel data integration techniques to enhance freight logistics。Yet, the scope of these programs has not been designed to scale discoveries into broad deployment, limiting the impact of innovation and technology in transforming transportation and infrastructure in the United States.
As a result, transportation and infrastructure retain a plethora of unaddressed opportunities – from reducing the 40,000 annual vehicle-related fatalities, to improving freight logistics through ports, highways, and rail, to achieving a net zero carbon transportation system, to building infrastructure resilient to the impacts of climate change and severe weather. The reasons for these persistent challenges are numerous: low levels of federal R&D spending, fragmentation across state and local government, risk-averse procurement practices, sluggish commercial markets, and more. When innovations do emerge in this field, they suffer from two valleys of death: one to bring new ideas out of the lab into commercialization, and the second to bring successful deployments of those technologies to scale.
The United States needs a concerted national innovation pipeline designed to fill this gap, exploring early-stage, moonshot research while nurturing breakthroughs from concept to deployment. An Advanced Research Projects Agency-Infrastructure would deliver on this mission. Modeled after the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Infrastructure (ARPA-I) would operate nimbly and with rigorous program management and deep technical expertise to tackle the biggest infrastructure challenges and overcome entrenched market failures. Solutions would cut across traditional transportation modes (e.g. highways, rail, aviation, maritime, pipelines etc) and would include innovative new infrastructure technologies, materials, systems, capabilities, or processes.
The list of domain areas below reflects priorities for DOT as well as areas where there is significant opportunity for breakthrough innovation:
Key Domain Areas
Metropolitan Safety
尽管自1975年以来取得了进展，但道路死亡的急剧减少仍然是一个核心，持续的挑战。2021年，估计有42,915人在车祸中丧生，estimated31,785人在2022年的前九个月中丧生。国家道路安全策略, a document that begins with a statement from Secretary Buttigieg: “The status quo is unacceptable, and it is preventable… Zero is the only acceptable number of deaths and serious injuries on our roadways.”
示例主题区域包括但不限于：城市道路安全；高级车辆驾驶员援助系统；驾驶员酒精检测系统；车辆设计；街头设计；超速和速度限制；和V2X（车辆到全部）通信和网络技术。
Key Questions for Consideration:
- What steps can be taken to create safer urban mobility spaces for everyone, and what role can technology play in helping create the future we envision?
- What capabilities, systems, and datasets are we missing right now that would unlock more targeted safety interventions?
Rural Safety
Rural communities possess their own unique safetychallenges源于道路设计和标牌，速度限制以及其他因素；和数据from the Federal Highway Administration shows that “while only 19% of the U.S. population lives in rural areas, 43% of all roadway fatalities occur on rural roads, and the fatality rate on rural roads is almost 2 times higher than on urban roads.”
例局部区域包括但并不局限to: improved information collection and management systems; design and evaluation tools for two-lane highways and other geometric design decisions; augmented visibility; mitigating or anti-rollover crash solutions; and enhanced emergency response.
Key Questions for Consideration:
- How can rural-based safety solutions address the resource and implementation issues that are faced by local transportation agencies?
- How can existing innovations be leveraged to support the advancement of road safety in rural settings?
Resilient & Climate Prepared Infrastructure
现代道路，桥梁和运输是designed为了承受在建设时的暴风雨，有可能发生一次100年的可能性；如今，气候变化使极端天气事件司空见惯。仅在2020年，美国就遭受了22种高影响力的天气灾难costover $1 billion in damages. When Hurricane Sandy hit New York City and New Jersey subways with a 14-foot storm surge, millions were left without their primary mode of transportation for a week. Meanwhile, rising sea levels are likely to impact both marine and air transportation, as 13 of the 47 largest U.S. airports have at least one runway within 12 feet of the current sea level. Additionally, the persistent presence of wildfires–which are burning an average of7 million acresannually across the United States, more than double the average in the 1990s–dramatically reshapes the transportation network in acute ways and causes downstream damage through landslides, flooding, and other natural events.
These trends are likely to continue as climate change exacerbates the intensity and scope of these events. The Department of Transportation is well-positioned to introduce systems-level improvements to the resilience of our nation’s infrastructure.
例局部区域包括但并不局限to: High-performance long-life, advanced materials that increase resiliency and reduce maintenance and reconstruction needs, especially materials for roads, rail, and ports; nature-based protective strategies such as constructed marshes; novel designs for multi-modal hubs or other logistics/supply chain redundancy; efficient and dynamic mechanisms to optimize the relocation of transportation assets; intensive maintenance, preservation, prediction, and degradation analysis methods; and intelligent disaster-resilient infrastructure countermeasures.
Key Questions for Consideration:
- How can we ensure that innovations in this domain yield processes and technologies that are flexible and adaptive enough to ward against future uncertainties related to climate-related disasters?
- 我们如何考虑城市和农村社区的不同气候弹性需求？
Digital Infrastructure
Advancing the systems, tools, and capabilities for digital infrastructure to reflect and manage the built environment has the power to enable improved asset maintenance and operations across all levels of government, at scale. Advancements in this field would make using our infrastructure more seamless for transit, freight, pedestrians, and more. Increased data collection from or about vehicle movements, for example, enables user-friendly and demand-responsive traffic management, dynamic curb management for personal vehicles, transit and delivery transportation modes, congestion pricing, safety mapping and targeted interventions, and rail and port logistics. When data is accessible by local departments of transportation and municipalities, it can be harnessed to improve transportation operations and public safety through crash detection as well as to develop聪明的城市和社区利用以用户为中心的移动服务；连接和自动化的车辆；跨运输模式的电气化以及智能，基于传感器的基础设施，以测量和管理古老的问题，例如坑洼，空气污染，交通，停车和安全。
例局部区域包括但并不局限to: traffic management; curb management; congestion pricing; accessibility; mapping for safety; rail management; port logistics; and transportation system/electric grid coordination.
Key Questions for Consideration:
- 我们如何利用数据和数据系统从所有模式中从根本上改善移动性和运输系统？
Expediting and Upgrading Construction Methods
Infrastructure projects are fraught with expensive delays and overrun budgets. In the United States,fewer than1 in 3 contractors report finishing projects on time and within budgets, with 70% citing coordination at the site of construction as the primary reason. In the words of one行业主管, “all [of the nation’s] major projects have cost and schedule issues … the truth is these are very high-risk and difficult projects. Conditions change. It is impossible to estimate it accurately.” But can process improvements and other innovations make construction cheaper, better, faster, and easier?
示例主题领域包括但不限于：增强预测和建模技术；预制或先进的机器人制造，模块化以及适应性的结构以及系统，例如桥梁子和上层建筑；实时质量控制和保证技术，用于加速结构，材料创新；新的人行道技术；生物娱乐；隧道地下基础设施映射；桥梁工程，建筑信息建模（BIM），沿海，风和海上工程的新颖方法；雨水系统；以及结构工程，结构感应，控制和资产管理中的计算方法。
Key Questions for Consideration:
- 哪些创新对于未来的加速建筑要求更为重要？
Logistics
我们的民族经济实力和生活质量取决于整个国家及以后的货物的安全有效运动。逻辑系统 - 企业，工人，基础架构流程的相互联系的网络以及货物分类，运输和分配的基础的实践必须具有效率和韧性。。当物流系统受到公共卫生危机，极端天气，劳动力挑战或网络攻击等事件的破坏时，商品会延迟，成本增加，美国人的日常生活受到影响。拜登政府发布了Executive Order 14017calling for a review of the transportation and logistics industrial base. DOT released the货运和物流供应链评估in February 2022, spotlighting a range of actions that DOT envisions to support a resilient 21st-century freight and logistics supply chain for America.
Topical areas include but are not limited to: freight infrastructure, including ports, roads, airports, and railroads; data and research; rules and regulations; coordination across public and private sectors; and supply chain electrification and intersections with resilient infrastructure.
Key Questions for Consideration:
- How might we design and develop freight infrastructure to maximize efficiency and use of emerging technologies?
- What existing innovations and technologies could be introduced and scaled up at ports to increase the processing of goods and dramatically lower the transaction costs of US freight?
- How can we design systems that optimize for both efficiency and resilience?
- 我们如何减少与物流系统相关的负面外部性，包括拥塞，空气污染，噪声，温室气体排放和基础设施退化？
发展援助可以支持当地企业，改善成果并降低成本。以下是供应链商业化基金可以与私营部门合作并在非洲建立弹性的健康供应链的方式。
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